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Modelling Small Open Developing Economies in a Financialized World: A Stock-Flow Consistent Prototype Growth M...
This paper builds a stock-flow consistent growth model in continuous time in order to analyze the effects of policy rates in financial centres on a small open developing economy with an open capital acco...
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A Representation of the World Population Dynamics for Integrated Assessments Models
Using the gross world product (GWP) as the only exogenous input variable, we design a model able to accurately reproduce the global population dynamics over the period 1950–2015. For any future increa...
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Zambia: Clear as the province copperbelt water
The Copperbelt Province, Northern Zambia, is the second most populous province in the country with some 2 million inhabitants, 60% of which live in underserved urban areas where access to drinking wat...
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FOCUS: Sustainable Cities
AFD supports cities in their low-carbon transition and adaptation to climate change. It aims to improve city dwellers’ quality of life and supports the sustainable development of territories. It helps...
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Internal versus International Migration in Egypt: Together or Far Apart
This paper examines the relationship between internal, international, and return migration in Egypt. Using the Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey (ELMPS), this paper documents the evolution and patterns...
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Trends and Patterns of Women’s Entrepreneurship in Egypt
This paper conducts a detailed analysis of the trends and patterns of women’s role in household non-agricultural enterprises in Egypt. The paper uses the Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey (ELMPS) waves...
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Population, Demographic Growth, and Development in the South
Seven countries of the South are regularly cited for the population policies they implemented to navigate the demographic transition: Bangladesh, Mexico, Tunisia, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, and Rwanda....
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Middle East - 2020-2030 Regional Strategy
The Middle East Strategy identifies AFD Group’s main strategic priorities for the Middle East, the methodological tools for addressing the challenges common to all of the countries in which AFD operat...
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Evaluation Summary - Credit line to the Industrial Development Bank of Turkey (TSKB)
For the “Climate” sector, the credit line to the Industrial Development Bank of Turkey was subject to an evaluation in May 2015. In the context of the Turkish economy’s rapid growth and development...
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Evaluation Summary - Şishane-Yenikapi metro extension project of the metropolitan municipality of Istanbul
In Turkey, the Sishane-Yenikapi metro extension project of the Metropolitan Municipality of Istanbul was subject to an evaluation in March 2016. The major transportation scheme designed by the Metr...
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Evaluation Summary - Rural infrastructure development and tourism project in Lao Cai Province, Vietnam
In the Lao Cai Province of Vietnam, the rural infrastructure development and tourism project was subject to an evaluation in December 2018. Northern Vietnam province Lao Cai is among the poorest ar...
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Vietnam
Over the last 30 years, Vietnam has seen remarkable economic growth, which has led to new challenges: growth in demand for energy, rapid urban development, and the arrival of a million young workers o...
Regions and countries

Innovation towards the Access to Essential Therapeutic Products
Almost a billion people (one person out of nine) suffer from malnutrition and almost two billion people do not have access to essential medical products. In light of this urgency, some initiatives div...
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AFD and India: Focus on Energy
A partner of India since 2008, AFD works in agreement with Indian authorities to promote green and inclusive growth. It operates through soft loans to the state and public enterprises, as well as tech...
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Gilé National Reserve : Source of life in Mozambique
Like many other Protected Areas in the country, the Gilé National Reserve has suffered greatly from 25 years of conflict, war of independence and civil war. She was also very affected by the recurrent...
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AFD and Sustainable Cities
AFD supports cities in their low-carbon transition and adaptation to climate change. It aims to improve city dwellers’ quality of life and supports the sustainable development of territories. It helps...
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Rethinking International Funding of African Research
African research is very unevenly distributed across the African continent and still has a weak presence within global scientific research as a whole, particularly when it comes to the social sciences...
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Resources for Managing Water & Sanitation during the Coronavirus Pandemic
Covid-19: Resources for the Water and Sanitation sector Water and sanitation services constitute a key front in the battle against the Coronavirus pandemic. AFD will regularly share resources...
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Indian Ocean - 2019-2023 Regional Strategy
At the Interministerial Committee for International Cooperation and Development (CICID) on February 8, 2018, the government made a commitment to strengthen the integration of overseas territories into...
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How can water resources be better managed to improve farmers' resilience to climatic hazards?
The WAT4CAM (Water Resources Management and Agricultural Transition for Cambodia) project supports the Royal Government of Cambodia to rehabilitate and modernize 7-13 medium irrigation schemes and 20-...
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